Hyper Surveillance In The Criminal Justice System: Balancing Security And Civil Liberties In South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) 256 forcement agencies in identifying suspects and preventing crime7. Furthermore, the United Kingdom’s widespread use of CCTV cameras has proven instrumental in monitoring public areas and assisting in the investigation and prosecution of criminal activities8. These examples highlight how developed countries leverage hyper-surveillance technologies to bolster their justice systems, ensuring safety and accountability within their societies. 4. USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND UP GRADATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES The criminal justice systems of South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, have been increasingly leveraging technology to enhance efficiency, transparency, and effectiveness. This chapter aims to provide insights into the utilization of technology and recent upgrades in these countries’ criminal justice systems based on available data and research. It also discusses whether it is affecting rights of citizens in any way. Afghanistan: In Afghanistan, efforts have been made to modernize the criminal justice system through technological interventions. Initiatives such as the Afghanistan Justice Sector Support Program (JSSP), funded by international donors, have focused on improving access to justice through the use of technology. This includes the establishment of electronic case management systems and the digitization of court records9. 7 PBS. (2019, April 17). How China is using surveillance to silence critics abroad. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/ how-china-is-using-surveillance-to-silence-critics-abroad 8 GOV.UK. (2015, May 28). Crime prevention: Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) schemes in England and Wales. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/ publications/cctv-schemes-in-england-and-wales-guidance-for-successfulcctv-schemes 9 USAID. (2020). Afghanistan Justice Sector Support Program. Retrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/afghanistan/program-updates/sep-2020-afghanis tan-justice-sector-support-program
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