Hyper Surveillance In The Criminal Justice System: Balancing Security And Civil Liberties In South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) 258 Maldives: The Maldives has prioritized the adoption of technology to strengthen its criminal justice system. The Police Integrated Criminal Records Management System (PICRMS) was implemented to centralize criminal records and improve information sharing among law enforcement agencies. Furthermore, the e-Litigation System introduced by the Judiciary facilitates online case filing and electronic court proceedings13. Nepal: Nepal has been striving to modernize its criminal justice system through technology-driven reforms. The Nepal Police Crime Investigation Department (CID) utilizes the Criminal Record Management Information System (CRIMIS) for maintaining criminal records and assisting in investigations. Moreover, the Supreme Court of Nepal has initiated the e-Court System to digitize court processes and enhance judicial efficiency14. Pakistan: Pakistan has been actively implementing technology-based solutions to improve its criminal justice system. The National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) maintains a centralized database for biometric verification, aiding in the identification of suspects and criminals. Additionally, the Punjab Forensic Science 13 UNODC. (2020). Enhancing the Capacity of the Maldives Police Service to Combat Transnational Organized Crime and Illicit Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/ropan/en/Enhancing-the-Capacity-of-the-MaldivesPolice-Service-to-Combat-Transnational-Organized-Crime-and-IllicitTrafficking.html 14 Nepal Police. (2021). Criminal Record Management Information System (CRIMIS). Retrieved from https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/division/ crime-investigation-department
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