Hyper Surveillance In The Criminal Justice System: Balancing Security And Civil Liberties In South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) 260 • Counterterrorism and National Security: • Afghanistan: Given the persistent threat of terrorism and insurgency, hyper-surveillance is crucial for intelligence gathering and thwarting terrorist activities17. • Pakistan: The country faces significant security challenges from terrorist groups, necessitating hyper-surveillance to enhance counterterrorism efforts18. • Transnational Crime and Organized Crime Networks: • Bangladesh: With its vulnerability to transnational crimes like human trafficking and drug smuggling, hyper-surveillance aids in monitoring cross-border criminal activities19. • Maldives: The Maldives grapples with transnational crimes such as drug trafficking and piracy, necessitating hyper-surveillance to bolster maritime security20. • Political Stability and Governance: • Nepal: Political instability and governance challenges underscore the need for hyper-surveillance to monitor dissent and maintain law and order21. 17 Council on Foreign Relations. (2021). Afghanistan. Retrieved fromhttps://www. cfr.org/afghanistan 18 Global Terrorism Index. (2021). Global Terrorism Index 2021. Retrieved from https://www.visionofhumanity.org/reports/global-terrorism-index-2021 19 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/southasia/en/country-organised-crime-profiles/ bangladesh.html 20 Transparency Maldives. (2019). National Integrity System Assessment 2019. Retrieved from https://www.transparency.mv/publications/nisa-2019/ 21 Freedom House. (2020). Nepal. Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/ country/nepal/freedom-world/2020
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