267 Ratna Sisodiya, Rachana Choudhary e Surendra Singh Bhati surveillance capabilities. This has sometimes resulted in communal violence and social unrest. The rapid proliferation of social media and digital communication platforms has outpaced the development of monitoring and regulation mechanisms, leading to widespread misinformation. Sri Lanka • Easter Bombings (2019) The 2019 Easter bombings in Sri Lanka exposed critical weaknesses in the country’s intelligence and surveillance infrastructure. Despite prior warnings, the lack of coordinated surveillance and timely response resulted in over 250 deaths and widespread devastation. The inability to effectively monitor and share intelligence information allowed the attackers to execute their plan with devastating consequences. • Human Rights Abuses Surveillance measures in Sri Lanka have sometimes been misused to target minority communities and political opponents, leading to allegations of human rights abuses. The lack of proper oversight and accountability mechanisms exacerbates these issues. Without stringent regulations and transparent practices, surveillance technologies can become tools of oppression rather than protection. Nepal • Border Security Nepal’s porous borders with India and China have been challenging to monitor due to limited surveillance infrastructure. This has facilitated smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal crossings, posing significant security risks. The lack of advanced surveillance
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