271 Ratna Sisodiya, Rachana Choudhary e Surendra Singh Bhati 8. Evaluation and Continuous Improvement Regularly evaluating the effectiveness of surveillance initiatives and adapting strategies based on findings: • Performance Metrics: Establishing metrics to measure the impact of surveillance on crime reduction and justice delivery. • Feedback Loops: Using feedback from stakeholders to refine policies and improve operational efficiency over time. CONCLUSION In exploring the intricacies of hyper-surveillance within South Asian criminal justice systems, spanning Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, it becomes clear that the adoption of advanced technologies and intensified monitoring has significantly transformed security practices. These nations have strategically enhanced their capabilities to combat terrorism, transnational crime, cyber threats, and ensure public safety in response to evolving socio-political dynamics. However, this shift towards hyper-surveillance is not without its challenges and controversies. Instances of technology failures and breaches of privacy rights have underscored the delicate balance between security imperatives and civil liberties. India’s Aadhaar system faced scrutiny over privacy breaches, while Pakistan’s surveillance laws have been criticized for enabling arbitrary surveillance practices. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh have grappled with concerns over censorship and restrictions on freedom of speech under their respective security legislations. Nepal, too, has faced criticism for its Cybercrime Act stifling online expression. Addressing these challenges necessitates a nuanced approach that prioritizes robust legal frameworks, independent oversight mechanisms, and transparent governance practices. Such measures are essential to mitigate the risks of misuse and ensure accountability in surveillance initiatives. They are crucial for maintaining public trust and upholding constitutional protections against arbitrary surveillance and privacy violations.
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