Os desafios regulatórios e a responsabilidade civil das nanotecnologias no Brasil 262 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: responsabilidade civil; nanotecnologia; regulação jurídica; riscos tecnológicos; desenvolvimento sustentável. ABSTRACT: This undergraduate thesis examines the legal implications of nanotechnology in Brazil, focusing on civil liability in view of potential risks to human health and the environment. Operating at the atomic and molecular scale, nanotechnology fosters innovation in several sectors but raises concerns regarding its still little-known impacts. The research problem questions whether the Brazilian legal system can address such risks without hindering technological development. The hypothesis is that current legislation is insufficient to cover the specificities of nanotechnology, requiring the creation of a dedicated regulatory framework. The general objective is to analyze the adequacy of the Brazilian legal system for civil liability in cases involving nanotechnology, based on the principles of human dignity and precaution. The specific objectives include characterizing nanotechnology and its application fields; examining related risks and applicable legal principles; analyzing current legislation; and proposing regulatory guidelines. The research adopts a qualitative and exploratory approach, through literature review and documentary analysis of standards and patents. The findings indicate that, although there are regulatory initiatives and promotion programs, there are still legal gaps and a lack of adequate consumer information, which demands specific regulation to ensure legal certainty and sustainable development. KEYWORDS: civil liability; nanotechnology; legal regulation; technological risks; sustainable development. INTRODUÇÃO A nanotecnologia, definida como a manipulação de materiais em escala atômica e molecular, constitui uma das áreas mais promissoras e transformadoras do século XXI, impactando setores como medicina, agronegócio, indústria, energia e meio ambiente. Sua aplicação possibilita o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos com maior eficiência, durabilidade e precisão. No entanto, os avanços tecnológicos trazem consigo riscos ainda pouco conhecidos, que envolvem potenciais danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente, demandando atenção especial do Direito.
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